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Effect of Housing Temperature on Body Composition in Laboratory Mouse
Kružíková, Nikola ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Ferenčáková, Michaela (referee)
Development of obesity and associated disorders is caused by imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Significant part of energy expenditure can be represented by energy cost of maintaining stable body temperature. In this thesis, the effect of thermoneutrality and high fat feeding on body composition was characterized in female C57BL/6 mice. These mice were housed either at 22 řC (standard temperature) or at 30 řC (thermoneutrality) and fed by standard chow or high fat diet for 13 weeks. Energy intake of chow-fed thermoneutral animals was lowered in comparison to mice housed at standard temperature, reflecting lower energy cost of thermogenesis. This reduction of food intake was prevented by high fat feeding resulting in adipose tissue accumulation in particular in high fat-fed thermoneutral animals. While studying this model, protocol for assessment of body composition using newly acquired dual energy X-ray absorptiometry system was validated. Reflecting the development of obesity, glucose and lipid homeostasis was deteriorated in these mice. In line with earlier notions in literature describing male mice, our data suggest critical importance of housing temperature in efficiency of high fat feeding even in female mice. Keywords: thermoneutrality, obesity, body composition, DEXA
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Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Malinová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Malinová Supervisor of Diploma thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in 2004 according to the WHO Global Burden of Disease Project and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the lung function impairment, there are often described changes in body composition in COPD patients e.g. the skeletal muscle protein loss. The main aim of the study was determining the body composition by DEXA in patients diagnosed with COPD and comparing them with physiological values or studies dealing with this issue. On each patient was performed one examination, patients were coming after twelve-hour fasting. Average age was 66 ± 8 years. The amount of fat-free mass was not reduced. There was not therefore a loss of muscle tissue due to COPD. When evaluating total fat, we find that men have more fat than normal levels. This is also indicated by BMI that has been in the majority in the range of overweight and obesity. We did not confirm the link between COPD...
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The comparison of different methods of body fat measuring by ensemble of adult women devided into five groups according to the BMI level
Šebková, Jana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Title: The comparison of different methods of body fat measuring by ensemble of adult women devided into five groups according to the BMI level. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare values of gained percentage of total body fat by descriptive method such as bioelectrical impedance analysis and skinfolds measuring in comparison with "gold standard method" DEXA and to evaluate the usability of each method of body composition measuring by five groups of women, devided according to BMI level (in range 20-47 kg/m2 ). The purpose of this thesis is to find the most useful method especially for the overweight and obese women (BMI over 30 kg/m2 ) and to estimate the equation for the whole group. The other part of this thesis is the theoretical conclusion of the matters of body composition assessing and the importance of good knowledge about this topic for physiotherapists. Methods: The study was realizing from January of 2010 to March of 2011. There were 136 women, who were clients of Fitness center of VŠTJ Medicina Praha and jointed to the group voluntarely. The criteria of choosing the subjects into the study were: age 18 - 75 years, BMI 20 ≤ 45 kg/m2 , relatively healthy without accute disease. Women with cardiostimulator, pregnant women or nursing mothers were excluded. The monitored...
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Body composition in patitents with systemic sclerosis
Česák, Michal ; Tomčík, Michal (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title: Body composition of patients with systemic sclerosis Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare selected parameters of body composition in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with a group of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (CG). Another objective was to evaluate the effect of selected clinical parameters in patients with SSc on the detected variability of the parameters of body composition and on physical activity of patients. Methods: The research group N = 95, group SSc (n = 59), control group (n = 36). Anthropometry (body height [cm], weight [kg], BMI [kg/m2 ]), bioelectrical impedance analysis - BIA 2000 (body fat - BF [%], total body water - TBW [%], lean body mass - LBM [kg], body cell mass - BCM [kg], BCM of FFM [%], the ECM / BCM); DEXA - Lunar Series iDXA (bone mineral density - BMD [g/m3 ], lean body mass - LBM [kg] body fat - BF [%], visceral fat - VF [kg] questionnaire on physical activity Human Activity Profile. Statistics: T test/Mann-Whitney U test, Cohen's d/partial eta squared (η2 ). Results: The results are presented as mean ± SD: body height: SSc 166.5 ± 7.1 cm, CG 171.2 ± 8.3 cm; body weight: SSc 62.4 ± 10.7 kg, CG 77.3 ± 11.9 kg; BMI: SSc 22.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2 , CG 26.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2 ; BF % BIA: SSc 24.6 % ± 7.8 %; CG 31.1 % ± 6.4 %; BF % DEXA: SSc 32.6 ± 8.2...
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Body composition in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Mareček, Ondřej ; Česák, Petr (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Body composition in patients with idiopatic inflammatory myopathies Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare selected parameters of body composition in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Another objective was to evaluate the effect of selected clinical parameters in patients with IIM on the detectedvariability of the parameters of body composition and on physical activity of patients. Methods: The research sample consisted of 84 individuals (54 IIM, 30 HC). In anthropometry, we measured: body height (cm), weight (kg) and BMI (kg/m2 ). Using bioelectrical impedance analysis BIA 2000-M we obtained values: total body water (TBW in%), muscle mass (LBM in kg), body fat (BF in%) cell mass of lean body mass (BCM of FFM in%), and the proportion of extracellular/intracellular matrix (ECM/BCM). Using Lunar series iDXA we obtained values: muscle mass (LBM in kg), body fat (BF in %), bone mineral density (BMD in g/cm3 ), and visceral fat (Visceral in kg). To these measured values we added a questionnaire on physical activity Human Acitvity Profile (HAP). Statistics: T-test, Mann Whitney U test, Cohen's d, and Partialeta-squared. Results: Selected values (mean ± SD): body height: IIM 164.7 ± 9.1 cm, HC 170.3 ± 7 cm; body weight:...
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Physiological aspects of body composition measurements
Větrovská, Renata ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Poledne, Rudolf (referee) ; Brychta, Tomáš (referee)
Determination of body composition or amount and decomposition of body fat belongs to the basic clinical examination of an obese patient. But methods used to determine the amount of fat in obese population are often innacurate. And it's adipose tissue and its measurable parameters which can provide us range of information for the further process of the reductive treatment. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the physiological aspects of body composition measurement in several areas: (I) To determine whether the values of body fat measured by most commonly used methods are comparable to those measured by method DEXA. (II) To determine whether the values of the amount of body fat measured by different methods vary depending on the amount of BMI and adipose tissue in the body and assess whether the available bioimpendance methods can measure the functional state of body fat. (III) To assess the resting energy expenditure in relation to body composition and physical activity. (IV) To determine whether the body composition will affect the resulting reduction after excercise program for women with overweight and obesity. (V) To verify whether changes in the values of BOHB (Beta Hydroxybutyrate) after physical activity could be the predictor of weight losses and changes of body composition. Based on...
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Body composition in patitents with systemic sclerosis
Česák, Michal ; Tomčík, Michal (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title: Body composition of patients with systemic sclerosis Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare selected parameters of body composition in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with a group of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (CG). Another objective was to evaluate the effect of selected clinical parameters in patients with SSc on the detected variability of the parameters of body composition and on physical activity of patients. Methods: The research group N = 95, group SSc (n = 59), control group (n = 36). Anthropometry (body height [cm], weight [kg], BMI [kg/m2 ]), bioelectrical impedance analysis - BIA 2000 (body fat - BF [%], total body water - TBW [%], lean body mass - LBM [kg], body cell mass - BCM [kg], BCM of FFM [%], the ECM / BCM); DEXA - Lunar Series iDXA (bone mineral density - BMD [g/m3 ], lean body mass - LBM [kg] body fat - BF [%], visceral fat - VF [kg] questionnaire on physical activity Human Activity Profile. Statistics: T test/Mann-Whitney U test, Cohen's d/partial eta squared (η2 ). Results: The results are presented as mean ± SD: body height: SSc 166.5 ± 7.1 cm, CG 171.2 ± 8.3 cm; body weight: SSc 62.4 ± 10.7 kg, CG 77.3 ± 11.9 kg; BMI: SSc 22.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2 , CG 26.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2 ; BF % BIA: SSc 24.6 % ± 7.8 %; CG 31.1 % ± 6.4 %; BF % DEXA: SSc 32.6 ± 8.2...
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Body composition in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Mareček, Ondřej ; Česák, Petr (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Body composition in patients with idiopatic inflammatory myopathies Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare selected parameters of body composition in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Another objective was to evaluate the effect of selected clinical parameters in patients with IIM on the detectedvariability of the parameters of body composition and on physical activity of patients. Methods: The research sample consisted of 84 individuals (54 IIM, 30 HC). In anthropometry, we measured: body height (cm), weight (kg) and BMI (kg/m2 ). Using bioelectrical impedance analysis BIA 2000-M we obtained values: total body water (TBW in%), muscle mass (LBM in kg), body fat (BF in%) cell mass of lean body mass (BCM of FFM in%), and the proportion of extracellular/intracellular matrix (ECM/BCM). Using Lunar series iDXA we obtained values: muscle mass (LBM in kg), body fat (BF in %), bone mineral density (BMD in g/cm3 ), and visceral fat (Visceral in kg). To these measured values we added a questionnaire on physical activity Human Acitvity Profile (HAP). Statistics: T-test, Mann Whitney U test, Cohen's d, and Partialeta-squared. Results: Selected values (mean ± SD): body height: IIM 164.7 ± 9.1 cm, HC 170.3 ± 7 cm; body weight:...
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Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Malinová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Barbora Malinová Supervisor of Diploma thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Densitometric determination of body composition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in 2004 according to the WHO Global Burden of Disease Project and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the lung function impairment, there are often described changes in body composition in COPD patients e.g. the skeletal muscle protein loss. The main aim of the study was determining the body composition by DEXA in patients diagnosed with COPD and comparing them with physiological values or studies dealing with this issue. On each patient was performed one examination, patients were coming after twelve-hour fasting. Average age was 66 ± 8 years. The amount of fat-free mass was not reduced. There was not therefore a loss of muscle tissue due to COPD. When evaluating total fat, we find that men have more fat than normal levels. This is also indicated by BMI that has been in the majority in the range of overweight and obesity. We did not confirm the link between COPD...
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The comparison of different methods of body fat measuring by ensemble of adult women devided into five groups according to the BMI level
Šebková, Jana ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Title: The comparison of different methods of body fat measuring by ensemble of adult women devided into five groups according to the BMI level. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare values of gained percentage of total body fat by descriptive method such as bioelectrical impedance analysis and skinfolds measuring in comparison with "gold standard method" DEXA and to evaluate the usability of each method of body composition measuring by five groups of women, devided according to BMI level (in range 20-47 kg/m2 ). The purpose of this thesis is to find the most useful method especially for the overweight and obese women (BMI over 30 kg/m2 ) and to estimate the equation for the whole group. The other part of this thesis is the theoretical conclusion of the matters of body composition assessing and the importance of good knowledge about this topic for physiotherapists. Methods: The study was realizing from January of 2010 to March of 2011. There were 136 women, who were clients of Fitness center of VŠTJ Medicina Praha and jointed to the group voluntarely. The criteria of choosing the subjects into the study were: age 18 - 75 years, BMI 20 ≤ 45 kg/m2 , relatively healthy without accute disease. Women with cardiostimulator, pregnant women or nursing mothers were excluded. The monitored...
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